heat of solution

Thân thiện

A student measures the heat of solution in a chemistry experiment.

Definition

Noun: - The enthalpy change when one mole of a substance dissolves in a large volume of solvent: It is the thermal energy (heat) either released or absorbed during the process of dissolving a specified amount of a solute in a solvent, under constant pressure conditions. A positive value indicates absorption of heat (endothermic process), while a negative value indicates release of heat (exothermic process).

Usage

• The term is used in scientific contexts, particularly chemistry and thermodynamics, to quantify the energy change associated with dissolution.
• It is typically measured in joules per mole (J/mol) or kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).
• The phrase "large volume of a solvent" implies dissolution to infinite dilution, meaning the final state is a solution so dilute that adding more solvent causes no further heat change.

Examples

• Noun:
  • The experiment measured the heat of solution for sodium hydroxide in water.
  • A negative heat of solution means the dissolving process warms the surroundings.
  • Calculating the heat of solution is essential for designing chemical processes.

Advanced Usage

• Integral heat of solution: Refers to the total heat change when a specified amount of solute dissolves in a specified amount of solvent to form a solution of a particular concentration.
• Differential heat of solution: Refers to the heat change when an infinitesimal amount of solute dissolves in a large volume of solution of a specified concentration.

Variants and Related Words

• Enthalpy of solution: A more formal, synonymous term used in thermodynamics.
• Heat of dissolution: A less common but acceptable synonym.
• Solvation enthalpy: A related but broader term that includes the heat of solution as a component; it specifically refers to the heat change associated with the surrounding of solute particles by solvent molecules.

Synonyms

• Enthalpy of solution (primary synonym)
• Heat of dissolution

Related Phrases

• Heat of mixing: A related concept for processes where two or more substances mix, not necessarily involving a solute and solvent in the same way.
• Heat of hydration: A specific type of heat of solution where the solvent is water.

Học thuật

Noun

1. the heat evolved or absorbed when one mole of a substance is dissolved in a large volume of a solvent